SADQAT UL FITR
SADQAT UL FITR KI FARZIYYAT
Jis saal Ramadan ka Roza farz hua usi saal sadqat ul fitr bhi farz howa yaani 2 hijri mein. Iski farziyyat Quran o Hadees aur Ijma e Ummat se saabit hai.
Quran se daleel
Tarjumah: Beshak usne falah paa li jo paak ho gaya.
[Surah Al-A’la, Surah No: 87, Ayat No: 14]
Sunnat se daleel
Tarjumah: Abdullah bin Umar Radhiallahu Anhuma se riwayat hai ki Allah ke Rasool (ﷺ) ne Ramadan mein Sadqat ul fitr ko musalmanon mein se har nafs par farz kar diya hai.
[Sahih Muslim Hadees Number 984]
Imam Ibn e Munzir Rahimahullah ne is ki farziyyat parIjma naqal kiya hai.
[Al-Ijmaa’ (Ibn e Munzir): Page No: 55]
Sadqat ul Fitr/ Zakat ul Fitr ko Zakat ul Badan
aur Zakat un Nafs bhi kaha jaata hai. Aam urdu bol chaal mein yeh Fitra ya Fitrana ke naam se jaana jata hai.
FITRANE KI HIKMAT - Do hikmatein to ek Hadees mein mazkoor hain:
Tarjumah: Nabi Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam ne Sadqat ul Fitr Rozedaar ko lagw aur behooda baaton se paak karne ke liye aur miskeenon ke khaane ke liye farz kiya hai.
[Sunan Abu Dawood #1609 and Ibn E Majah #1827]
Allama Albani Rahimahullah ne is Hadees ko
“Sahih ul Jami': 3570” mein sahih kaha hai.
Pehli hikmatRozedaar ki paaki: Roze ki halat mein Rozedaar se hone waali ghalatiyon se paak hone ke liye Fitrana ada kiya jaata hai.
DOOSRI HIKMAT - Miskeenon ka khaana: Eid ke din jahan maldaar log khushi manayen wahein apni khushi mein shaamil karne ke liye un ke zimme ghareebon aur miskeenon ko Fitranah ada karna hai taaki woh bhi musalmanon ki Eid ki khushi mein barabar ke shareek ho saken.
TEESRI HIKMAT - Fitrane mein miskeenon ke saath ulfat o muhabbat ke izhaar ke siwa, apne badan ka sadqa bhi hai kiunki Allah Taala ne ab tak apni taufeeq se zinda rakha. Aur Allah ki un nematon ka shukriya bhi jo Ramadhan ul Mubarak mein (Roza, Qiyam, Aitekaf, Lailat ul Qadr waghera ki shakl mein) milte hain.
FITRANE KI SHARTEIN - Iski teen shartein hain
1) Fitrane ke liye islam shart hai, isliye kafir par Fitrana nahi.
2) Istita’at : Fitrana ke liye nisaab ka maalik hona shart nahi balki agar kisi ke paas Eid ki raat aur us din apne aur apne ahl o ayaal par kharch karne se ziyadah khuraak ho to use miskeenon ko sadqa kare.
3) Teesri shart Fitrane ka wajibi waqt hona hai jo Eid ka chaand niklne se Eid ki namaz ke waqt tak hai.
Kin ki taraf se fitraana ada kiya jayega ?
Is silsile mein Nabi (ﷺ) ki Hadees hai :
Tarjumah: Abdullah bin Umar Radhiallahu Anhuma se riwayat hai ki Allah ke Rasool (ﷺ) ne Ramadan mein musalmaanon mein se har shakhs par azaad ya gulaam, mard ho ya aurat, choota ho ya bada khajooron ka ek saa’ ya jaw (barley) ka ek saa’ Sadqat ul Fitr muqarrar farmaya.
[Sahih Muslim Hadees Number 984]
👉 Isliye har musalman chaahe woh chota ho ya bada, azad ho ya ghulam, mard ho ya aurat un ki taraf se Fitra nikalna un ke sarparast ke zimme wajib hai.
👉 Yateem aur majnu ke paas maal ho to unki taraf se bhi Fitra nikala jaaye.
👉 Pait mein maujood bachche ki taraf se Fitrana wajib nahi hai magar koyi istihbaab ke taur par dena chaahe to de sakta hai.
👉 Mayyit ki taraf se Fitrana nahi hai. Haan agar mayyit ne waqt e wujoob (Eid ka chaand niklne se
Eid ki namaz tak) ko pa liya to us ki taraf se Fitrana ada kiya jaayega.
👉 Naukar ya Naukraani ka Fitrana khud unke zimme hai, agar us ka maalik ada kar de to ada ho jaayega.
Fitrane mein kya diya jaaye ?
Jis country mein jo cheez ghiza (khaane) ke taur par
istemaal ki jaati hai use Fitrana ke taur par de sakte hain. Isse mutalliq Nabi (ﷺ) ka farmaan hai:
Tarjumah: Abdullah bin Umar Radhiallahu Anhuma se riwayat hai ki Allah ke Rasool (ﷺ) ne Ramadan mein musalmaanon mein se har shakhs par azaad ya gulaam, mard ho ya aurat, choota ho ya bada khajooron ka ek saa’ ya jaw (barley) ka ek saa’ Sadqat ul Fitr muqarrar farmaya.
[Sahih Muslim Hadees Number 984]
Nabi (ﷺ) ke zamaane mein jaw (barley), khajoor, munqqa aur paneer khaane ke taur par istemaal hota tha. Hamaare yahan normally chawal, ghehon, chana, jaw, baajra, jawar waghera khaane ki cheezein hain lehaza hum un mein se Fitrana nikalenge.
SAA’ KI MIQDAAR - Fitrane ki miqdaar ek saa’ hai. Ek saa’ chaar mudd ka hota hai. Gram ke hisaab se saa’ ki ta'een mein kaafi ikhtilaaf hai.
Shaikh Ibn e Uthaimeen ne 2kilo 40gram batlaya hai. Kuch ne 2kilo 100gram, kuch ne taqreeban dhai kilo (2.5kg), kuch ne 2kilo 175gram, kuch ne 2kilo 751gram kaha hai. Shaikh Ibn e Baaz ne 3kilo batlaya hai.
Yahi Saudi Fatwa Committee Lajna Daima ka fatwa hai.Ziyadah tar aqwaal dhai kilo (2.5kg) ke aas
paas hain. Agar dhai kilo ke hisaab se nikaal diya jaaye to ziyadah munasib hai. Is mein fuqaraa aur masakeen ka faida bhi hai aur agar koi 3kilo ke hisaab se nikalta hai to is mein bhi koi harj nahi.
👉 Yahan ek aur masla jaan lena chaahiye ke ek
hi jins se ek saa’ nikalna behtar hai na ke aadha ek jins se aur aadha ek jins se.
Abu Dawood aur Nasai waghera mein nisf saa’ ka bhi zikr hai magar woh riwayat sahih nahi hai. Is silsile
mein kuch Aasaar bhi mlite hain. Imam Abu Hanifah,
Shaikh ul Islam Ibn e Taimiyah, Allama Ibn e Qayyim,
Allama Albani aur Ubaidullah Mubarakpoori Rahimahumullah ka mauqif hai ke nisf saa’ bhi kifayat karega.
FITRANE KA MASRAF (MEANS FITRANA KINKO DIYA JAAYE)
Fitrane ka Masraf Nabi (ﷺ) ne bata diya hai:
Tarjumah: Nabi (ﷺ) ne Sadqat ul Fitr Rozedaar ko lagw aur behooda baaton se paak karne ke liye aur miskeenon ke khaane ke liye farz kiya hai.
[Sunan Abu Dawood #1609 and Ibn E Majah #1827]
Allama Albani Rahimahullah ne is Hadees ko “Sahih ul Jami': 3570” mein sahih kaha hai.
Yeh Hadees batati hai ke Fitrana ka masraf fuqaraa or masakeen hain. Kuch ulama ne kaha Zakat ke 8 Masaarif mein Fitrana sarf kar sakte hain (means jin
logon ko zakat di jaati hai unko Fitrana de sakte hain) magar yeh baat upar zikr ki gayi Hadees ke khilaaf hai.
👉 Shaikh ul Islam Ibn e Taimiyah Rahimahullah ne Fitrane ko Faqeeron or Miskeenon ke saath khaas kiya hai aur daleel se qawi-tar isi ko qarar diya hai.
[Majmoo’ ul Fatawa: 25/71]
👉 Shaikh Ibn e Baaz ne kaha ke Fitrane ka masraf Fuqaraa or Masaakeen hain kiunki Ibn e Abbas
Radhiallahu Anhuma se saabit hai:
Tarjumah: Nabi (ﷺ) ne Sadqat ul Fitr Rozedaar ko lagw aur behooda baaton se paak karne ke liye aur miskeenon ke khaane ke liye farz kiya hai.
[Sunan Abu Dawood #1609 and Ibn E Majah #1827. -Majmoo' ul Fatawa: 14/204]
Lehaaza Fitraana Faqeeron or Miskeenon ke alawah Masjidon aur Madarson waghera par kharch karna sunnat ki mukhalifat hai.
Agar apni jagah par Faqeeron or Miskeenon ko na paaye to doosri jagah Fitrana bhej de.
FITRANE KA WAQT - Fitrane ka do waqt hai
Ek waqt wujoob ka aur ek waqt jawaaz ka.
Wujoob ka waqt Eid ka chaand nazar aane se Eid ki namaz tak hai. Is darmiyan kisi waqt mustahiq ko Fitrana de de.
Jawaaz ka waqt Eid se ek do din pehle Fitrana dena jaaiz hai. Bukhari aur Muslim mein Ibn e Umar Radhiallahu Anhuma se marwi hai:
Tarjumah: Sahaba e Kiraam Radhiallahu Anhum Eid se ek ya do din pehle Fitrana ada karte the.
[Sahih Bukhari Hadees Number 1511]
Afzal waqt Eid ki namaz ke liye niklane se pehle
ada karna hai kyunki Hadees mein hai:
Tarjumah: Nabi (ﷺ) ne Eid ki namaz ke liye nikalne se pehle logon ko Fitrana ada karne ka hukm diya.
[Sahih Bukhari Hadees Number 1503 and Sahih Muslim Hadees Number 986]
👉 Eid ki namaz ke baad Fitra dene se ada nahi hoga woh sirf aam sadqa shumaar hoga lekin agar kisi ke saath bhool ho gayi ya kisi shar’ee uzr ki bunyaad par late ho gayi to Allah taala aise bandon se darguzar (mu’aaf) karta hai.
FITRANA DENE KI JAGAH - Is mein asal yahi hai ke jo jis jagah rehta hai wahein Fitra ada kare lekin agar wahan Fuqaraa or Masaakeen maujood na hon to Fitra doosri jagah bhej de. Isi tarah agar kisi doosri jagah bhejne ki sakht zaroorat ho to ek jagah se doosri jagah muntaqil karne mein koi harj nahi.
FITRANE MEIN RAQAM DENA - Yeh ek ahem masla hai jiske Jaaiz aur Na Jaaiz hone mein ikhtilaaf hai. Ahadees ki roshni mein yeh masla wazeh hai, Nabi Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam ne Fitrane ko miskeenon ki ghiza (means unka khaana) qarar diya hai or ghiza khayi jaane waali cheez hai, na ke raqam.
Isliye Rasool (ﷺ) ke farmaan par chalte huwe galle se hi Fitra ada karna behtar or afzal hai.
Albatta sakht zaroorat ke tehat Fitre ki raqam dena bhi jaaiz hai. Is ko misaal se is tarah samajh len ke aaj kal Fuqaraa aur Masaakeen jinhein ghalle ki zaroorat nahi hoti woh hum se ghalla to le lete hain magar use bech kar qeemat haasil karte hain aur fir qeemat se apni zaroorat ki cheezein khreedte hain.
Aise halaat mein bajaye is ke ke miskeen ko ghalla bechne ki mashaqqat mile aur ghalle ki kam qeemat haasil karni pade hum khud un ki taraf se wakeel ban kar ghalle ki qeemat ada kar dein.
Wazeh rahe ki yeh sirf zaroorat ke waqt jaaiz hai albatta behtar aur afzal sunnat ki pairwi hai jo ke
khaane peene ki cheezon se Fitra ada karna hai.
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💐Jazakallahu Khairan💐
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